RETIREMENT ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

RETIREMENT ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example (Show how you calculated your ending salary and the number that you calculated. Then answer the question about your desired retirement income.) Many financial planners suggest that retirement income (from all sources) should be from 70% to 100% of the salary one had in the last year before they retire. How large will your portfolio have to be (when you retire) to provide your desired standard of living? This problem asks how much money you must accumulate (PVA) by the time you retire or are done working to live for n years, on a retirement income of (PMT) per year if you earn interest rate i. For example, imagine somebody about to retire today, who assumes that they are going to live for n=20 years, wants an income (PMT) = $200,000 per year during their retirement and their annuity earns i = 10% interest: Or, verbally, if this person had a portfolio of $1,702,712 on the day they retired, if they lived for another 20 years, and earned 10%, their annuity would pay $200,000 per year, and there will be nothing left when the person died. (Remember this example is for today: Your number will be much larger because your retirement will take place almost 50 years from now.) Value of Defined Benefit Plan with Single Employer: Suppose you take your first job with an employer that offers a defined benefit retirement plan and a beginning salary of $54,000/yr. Suppose also that you average 5.0% raises every year and that you stay with the same employer for all 48 years of your career. Note that during your 48-year career, you will receive 47 raises, the last of which happens on your last working day, which is also your 70th birthday. (No matter your current age, consider that you start working at age 22, and retire at 70). Assume a salary of $54,000 in the first year and an inflation rate of 2.0%. c. Assuming that the employer’s defined benefit plan pays 1.25% of ending salary per year of employment, what

Malathion, the Benefits of its Application Outweighs the Validated Article

Malathion, the Benefits of its Application Outweighs the Validated Risk - Article Example They further assured that the chemical application is safe because it degrades to harmless materials rapidly after application (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2005, Section 1). But the opponents argued that some sector of Genericville City community may be susceptible to the potential hazards of Malathion contamination. They estimated there could be as many as 90 cases of Malathion related illnesses from the proposed application program with four that may be fatal according to reports (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2005, Section 3). At stake in this situation, aside from the safety of the residents and its ecosystem is the economy of the city, which depended on tourism. Without the pesticide application, tourists would be hesitant to come to the city. With the use of the chemical the ecosystem that is the best asset for tourism may be affected. Choosing the best option, therefore, requires weighing the benefits against the risk and finding a win-win solution. To obtain a rational decision let us examine the veracity of the arguments presented by both the proponents and opponents of using Malathion and equate them with information at hand. The arguments revolve around the fact that Malathion is toxic to humans and useful insects within the ecosystem. The pros assured that the toxicity hazard is negligible while oppositions insisted it can cause the fatality. Let us, therefore, examine what authorities and studies have to say. As far as toxicity of the chemical is concerned, there are several ways of human exposure to the hazard either ingestion, inhalation, or through dermal means. Sources of exposures are through the air during and after spraying, on residues remaining on leaves and materials, and on contaminated water. The chemical dose that may be fatal to human is far greater than the possible exposure caused by both ground and aerial spraying using approved levels. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the EPA allow a maximum amount of 8 parts per million (ppm) of Malathion to be present as a residue on specific crops used as foods. The risk associated with overdose or fatal dose is non-existent if proper safety precautionary measures are strictly followed. Much of the residues can be removed by washing. In fact, the US FDA approved the use of Malathion as a prescription drug for the treatment of head lice on humans (APHIS, 2006). The Environment Protection Agency (EPA) classifies Malathion as having "suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity, but the evidence is not sufficient to assess human carcinogenic potential" (APHIS, 2006). Â